Farming
Makhana (fox nut) farming begins with selecting suitable land, typically lowland areas or ponds with shallow water. The soil must be rich in organic matter, and the pond should have still water with proper depth (about 1 to 1.5 meters). The seeds are sowed directly in the water, where they grow in the form of floating plants with long stems and round leaves.
Cultivation
The cultivation process is similar to traditional farming but requires submerged conditions. The seeds are sown in the mud and, as the plants grow, require regular maintenance such as managing water levels, providing adequate sunlight, and controlling any unwanted plant growth or pests.
Pond Management
Successful farming depends on proper pond management. This includes ensuring that the water remains clean, free from contaminants, and has balanced nutrient levels. It also involves regular inspection to control weeds and pests and ensuring that the water levels are maintained throughout the growth period.
Harvesting
Makhana is harvested in the autumn when the seeds are fully mature. The process involves collecting the seed pods by hand or using simple tools to separate them from the plants and ensure that only mature seeds are picked.
Processing & Packaging
After harvesting, the seeds undergo a cleaning and roasting process to remove any dirt or debris. The seeds are then roasted to enhance their taste and preserve them. Once roasted, the makhana is carefully packaged into airtight containers to maintain freshness.
Storage
The processed seeds are stored in cool, dry places, away from sunlight, to ensure a long shelf life and prevent any spoilage or moisture absorption that could affect the quality.
Export
Finally, the packaged and stored makhana is ready for export. It undergoes any necessary quality checks, certification, and compliance with export standards before being shipped to international markets.